Indian Laws and Rules: Practical Guides and Legal Articles

Constitutional Rights and Legal Remedies

The Constitution of India protects fundamental rights and provides remedies against unlawful state action. Articles 32 and 226 govern writ remedies in the Supreme Court and High Courts, while Article 22 establishes important safeguards concerning arrest and detention.

• Fundamental Rights of Indian Citizens as per constitution of India
• Writ Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India -Article 32 and High Court - Article 226 of Constitution of India
• Equal Justice and free Legal Aid - Article 14 and 39A of Indian Constitution - Section 12 of Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987
• Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases- Article 22 of Indian Constitution

Employment, Provident Fund and Social Security

Employment regulation covers provident fund compliance, retrenchment, bonus, gratuity and restrictions on child labour. Employers and workers should verify the applicable commencement notifications, rules and transitional provisions before relying on older statutory references.

• Online Filing of Employees Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) Return and Challan
• Retrenchment of Workmen - Section 25F of Industrial Dispute Act, 1947 - Conditions Precedent to Retrenchment

  The Industrial Relations Code, 2020 and its commencement and transition provisions should be checked for current retrenchment requirements.

• Bonus payment to Employees - Payment of Bonus Act, 1965 - available surplus, calculation, eligibility and Penalty Provisions
• The Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972, employers not paying gratuity are thieves stealing employees money
• Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986, Highlights and Implementation

  The 2016 amendments strengthened restrictions on child employment and prohibited adolescent employment in hazardous occupations and processes.

Contract, Consumer and Commercial Law

Contract law addresses enforceability, unlawful consideration, void agreements and promises relating to time-barred debts. Consumer protection and competition regulation have changed significantly since some of the linked articles were first published.

• Restrictive and Unfair Trade Practice - Section 2(c) and Section 36A of the Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969

  Historical legislation: the MRTP Act, 1969 was repealed; current competition issues generally fall under the Competition Act, 2002, and consumer unfair trade practices under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019.

• How to file complaint under Consumer Protection Act 1986 and amendment Act 2002, who can file complaint?

  The Consumer Protection Act, 2019 replaced the Consumer Protection Act, 1986. This linked article covers the earlier framework.

• Time barred-debt, promise to pay time barred Debt- Limitation Period- Section 25(3) of Indian Contract Act, 1872
• Void Agreements - Agreements void if objects and consideration are unlawful in part- Section 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 of Indian Contract Act, 1872
• Condition and Warranty - Breach of contract do not give right to reject the goods - Section 12, 13 and 14 of Sale of Goods Act 1930
• Banking Regulation Act - Applicability to certain co-operative Banks
• Hindu Undivided Family (H.U.F) or Joint Hindu Family form of Business

Motor Vehicles and Insurance

The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 regulates motor vehicle insurance and compensation claims. Liability depends on the facts, policy terms and applicable statutory provisions, including subsequent amendments and judicial interpretation.

• Compensation under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 and 1939 -Insurer's liability, driving without licence, uninsured vehicle and liability

Corporate, Tax and Financial Regulation

Business compliance includes company dividends, indirect taxes, banking regulation and family-business structures. Several older procedures have been superseded by amendments or newer tax systems.

• Public Provident Fund - PPF Account - Attractive Long Term Investment Choice; PPF account cannot be attached by decree of a Court
• Payment of Interim and Final dividend -Procedure and Formalities -Companies Act, SEBI and Income Tax Act
• Central Excise Registration - Documents required and Procedures - Online Central Excise registration

  GST replaced most central excise duties from July 2017; central excise continues for specified products. Check the applicable product and current rules.

Intellectual Property, Evidence and Criminal Law

Design protection and copyright infringement remain important legal topics. India also introduced new criminal laws effective from 1 July 2024, with transitional rules relevant to older proceedings.

• Relevancy of character in Civil and Criminal Cases - Section 52, 53, 54 and 55 of The Indian Evidence Act, 1872

  The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 generally replaced the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 from 1 July 2024, subject to savings and transitional provisions.

• Interlocutory Injunction - Design Act 2000 - Conditions for grant of Interlocutory Injunction
• Design, Features of Design, Registration of Design, Design Act, 1911, Design Rules 1933 and Design Act 2000
• Making a false document and its Punishment -Section 464 of Indian Penal Code (IPC)

  The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 generally replaced the IPC from 1 July 2024, subject to transitional provisions.

• Software Piracy and Law regarding software piracy - The Copyright Act 1957

Using These Legal Resources

The links above preserve the site's original article collection. They are educational resources rather than substitutes for the current statutory text, government notifications or professional advice. For a legal dispute or compliance decision, verify the law applicable on the relevant date and in the relevant jurisdiction.